Gruenbaum, Otto Karl (32527211) - Revision history

Admin: Photo from Austriansoldiers biography: remove from Sources document list; credit shown with the image

2026-09-26T01:22:23Z

Photo from Austriansoldiers biography: remove from Sources document list; credit shown with the image

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:22, 26 September 2026
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	\|death_place=Schongau, Germany		\|death_place=Schongau, Germany
	\|photo=Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_portrait_Wittig.jpg		\|photo=Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_portrait_Wittig.jpg
			\|caption=Otto K. Gruenbaum in uniform. Photo credit: (c) Irene Wittig
	}}		}}

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	* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Gruenbaum, Otto K. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 1 source files: OTTO GRUENBAUM.doc)		* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Gruenbaum, Otto K. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 1 source files: OTTO GRUENBAUM.doc)
	* [https://austriansoldiers.lbg.ac.at/bio/otto-k-gruenbaum/ Austriansoldiers biography: Otto K. Gruenbaum], Austriansoldiers / Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on Consequences of War (in German; accessed 25 September 2026)		* [https://austriansoldiers.lbg.ac.at/bio/otto-k-gruenbaum/ Austriansoldiers biography: Otto K. Gruenbaum], Austriansoldiers / Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on Consequences of War (in German; accessed 25 September 2026)
	* [[:File:Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_portrait_Wittig.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum in uniform (photo: Irene Wittig)]]

Admin: Admin moved page Gruenbaum, Otto K. (32527211) to Gruenbaum, Otto Karl (32527211) without leaving a redirect: Expand documented middle name: Karl

2026-09-25T04:55:51Z

Admin moved page Gruenbaum, Otto K. (32527211) to Gruenbaum, Otto Karl (32527211) without leaving a redirect: Expand documented middle name: Karl

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:55, 25 September 2026
(No difference)

Admin: Biography enrichment from Austriansoldiers (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute) biography

2026-09-25T04:49:00Z

Biography enrichment from Austriansoldiers (Ludwig Boltzmann Institute) biography

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:49, 25 September 2026
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	\|surname=Gruenbaum		\|surname=Gruenbaum
	\|first=Otto		\|first=Otto
	\|middle=K.		\|middle=Karl
	\|class_section=5B		\|class_section=5B
	\|class_rank=Technician Fifth Grade		\|class_rank=Technician Fifth Grade
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	\|class_display=20		\|class_display=20
	\|birth_place=Vienna, Austria		\|birth_place=Vienna, Austria
	\|rank_final=~~Captain~~		\|rank_final=Master Sergeant
	\|awards=Purple Heart		\|awards=Purple Heart
	\|awards_grid=Purple Heart		\|awards_grid=Purple Heart
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	\|birth_date=18 August 1918		\|birth_date=18 August 1918
	\|death_date=18 November 1945		\|death_date=18 November 1945
			\|death_place=Schongau, Germany
			\|photo=Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_portrait_Wittig.jpg
	}}		}}

	<div class="soldier-lead">		<div class="soldier-lead">
	'''Otto K. Gruenbaum''' (1918–1945) was a ~~United States Army Technician Fifth Grade~~ who trained at [[Camp Ritchie]], Maryland, in [[Class 20]]. Otto enlisted at Ft Jay Governors Island, New York.		'''Otto Karl Gruenbaum''' (18 August 1918 – 18 November 1945) was a Vienna-born concert pianist and Ritchie Boy who trained at [[Camp Ritchie]], Maryland, in [[:Category:Class 20\|Class 20]] and served as an interrogator and translator with [[Team IPW 120\|IPW Team 120]] and the 14th Armored Division; he died near Schongau, Germany, months after the war. Otto enlisted at Ft Jay Governors Island, New York.
	</div>		</div>

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	Otto K. Gruenbaum (also spelled Greenbaum) was born on 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria, the second of two children. His father, a Jewish furrier and former Austrian Army non-commissioned officer, and his Catholic mother raised him in a musical household. ~~Gruenbaum~~ studied piano at the Vienna Conservatory of Music from age ten and ~~later continued in Paris and in New York under Arthur Schnabel~~. After the Anschluss in March 1938 he left Austria under the pretext of a Brussels ~~piano contest~~, reached Paris as a refugee, and sailed from Le Havre ~~on 11 August 1939~~. In New York he gave Carnegie Hall and Town Hall recitals, toured as an accompanist, and married Susanne Hohenberg in February 1942.		Otto Karl Gruenbaum (born Grünbaum, also spelled Greenbaum) was born on 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria, the second of two children. His father, a Jewish furrier and former Austrian Army non-commissioned officer, and his Catholic mother raised him in a musical household; Army records list him as Protestant. He attended a Gymnasium in Vienna, studied piano at the Vienna Conservatory of Music from age ten, and was performing as a pianist by fourteen. After the Anschluss in March 1938 he left Austria in May under the pretext of a piano competition in Brussels, reached Paris as a refugee, and sailed from Le Havre to New York; he later continued his studies in Paris and in New York under Arthur Schnabel. In New York he worked as a piano student and teacher and as a solo pianist and accompanist, gave Carnegie Hall and Town Hall recitals, toured as an accompanist, and married Susanne Hohenberg in February 1942.

	~~Drafted~~ in October 1942, ~~Gruenbaum~~ served ~~with~~ a medical ~~detachment at Goldsboro~~, ~~North Carolina~~, and at England General Hospital in Atlantic City ~~before~~ Military Intelligence Training Center ~~selection~~ at Camp Ritchie ([[:Category:Class 20\|Class 20]])~~. Overseas he interrogated German prisoners and civilians and worked~~ as ~~an interpreter with [[Team IPW 120\|IPW Team 120]]. He received the Purple Heart and died on 18 November 1945~~.		Gruenbaum was drafted at Fort Jay, New York, in October 1942 and probably took basic training at Seymour Johnson Field in Goldsboro, North Carolina, where he served as a medical aide in the Medical Detachment. From January 1943 he was a medical and chemical laboratory technician in the Medical Detachment of Army Air Forces Basic Training Center No. 7 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and became a United States citizen; in July 1943 he was assigned in the same role to the 1272nd Service Command Service Unit at the new Thomas M. England General Hospital in Atlantic City, where he also entertained the troops. In May 1944 he was transferred to the Military Intelligence Training Center at Camp Ritchie and trained as a prisoner-of-war interrogator in [[:Category:Class 20\|Class 20]] (section 5B, IPW German; certificate 7995), specializing as a linguist.

	~~== Research notes ==~~		After a temporary assignment to IPW Team 316, Gruenbaum sailed for Europe in October 1944 and through the 12th Replacement Depot near Birmingham, England, was assigned in November 1944, in the Seventh U.S. Army area at Épinal, France, to [[Team IPW 120\|IPW Team 120]] of the Field Interrogation Detachment, Military Intelligence Service. He interrogated German prisoners and civilians and worked as a translator with Combat Command A of the 14th Armored Division in the Vosges, the Haguenau Forest, and Alsace, where near the Moder River he also broadcast propaganda in German by loudspeaker. In the spring of 1945 he crossed the Siegfried Line into the Rhineland and Bavaria, and after the liberation he screened people for the Military Intelligence Service and the Counter Intelligence Corps at Third U.S. Army headquarters. He received the Purple Heart. His last rank was master sergeant. He died under unexplained circumstances during a mountain hike near Schongau, Germany; his official date of death is 18 November 1945.
	* 3rd Army
	* Folder spelling is Greenbaum
	* roster and ~~wartime press use Gruenbaum~~. ~~Alias/Greenbaum retained in~~ the ~~opening sentence~~. ~~Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted~~
	* class rank and ~~1943 press place him~~ as a ~~corporal/T/5-era enlisted soldier~~. Purple Heart ~~retained from the live awards block and research notes~~

	== Gallery ==		== Gallery ==
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	</gallery>		</gallery>
	</div>		</div>

			== Timeline ==
			<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">
			<div class="soldier-timeline-body">
			* 18 August 1918 — Born in Vienna, Austria.
			* 11 August 1939 — Sailed from Le Havre for the United States.
			* February 1942 — Married Susanne Hohenberg in New York.
			* October 1942 — Drafted at Fort Jay, New York (ASN 32527211); medical-detachment duty at Goldsboro, North Carolina.
			* January 1943 — Medical Detachment, AAF Basic Training Center No. 7, Atlantic City, New Jersey; naturalized.
			* July 1943 — 1272nd SCSU, England General Hospital, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
			* May 1944 — Transferred to Camp Ritchie; Class 20 (section 5B, IPW German). Certificate # 7995.
			* October 1944 — Sailed for Europe.
			* November 1944 — [[Team IPW 120\|IPW Team 120]], Seventh Army, Épinal; Combat Command A, 14th Armored Division.
			* Spring 1945 — Rhineland and Bavaria; screening at Third Army headquarters.
			* 18 November 1945 — Died near Schongau, Germany.
			* March–May 1938 — Left Vienna after the Anschluss for a piano competition in Brussels; reached Paris.
			</div>
			</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>

	== Technical record ==		== Technical record ==
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	\|}		\|}

	== ~~Timeline~~ ==		== Research notes ==
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">~~		* 3rd Army
	~~<div class="soldier-timeline-body">~~		* Folder spelling is Greenbaum
	* ~~18 August 1918 — Born~~ in ~~Vienna, Austria~~.		* roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted
	* ~~March 1938 — Fled Vienna after~~ the ~~Anschluss; reached Paris via Brussels.~~		* class rank and 1943 press place him as a corporal/T/5-era enlisted soldier. Purple Heart retained from the live awards block and research notes
	* ~~11 August 1939 — Sailed~~ from Le Havre ~~for~~ the ~~United States.~~		* The Austriansoldiers biography dates his sailing from Le Havre, on a student visa, to August 1938; the page's earlier date of 11 August 1939 is kept pending review.
	* February 1942 — Married Susanne Hohenberg in New York.		* Last rank Master Sergeant per the Austriansoldiers biography (replaces the unsupported Captain value).
	* ~~October 1942 — Drafted into~~ the ~~U.S. Army; medical-detachment duty at Goldsboro, North Carolina.~~
	* 1943–1944 — Trained at Camp Ritchie (~~Class 20~~)~~; later served with IPW Team 120 in Europe.~~
	* January 1943 — Transferred to England General Hospital, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
	* 18 November 1945 — Died.
	~~</div>~~
	~~</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>~~

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
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	* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Otto K. Gruenbaum for Camp Ritchie'' (private research document; 1 source documents reviewed)		* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Otto K. Gruenbaum for Camp Ritchie'' (private research document; 1 source documents reviewed)
	* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Gruenbaum, Otto K. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 1 source files: OTTO GRUENBAUM.doc)		* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Gruenbaum, Otto K. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 1 source files: OTTO GRUENBAUM.doc)
			* [https://austriansoldiers.lbg.ac.at/bio/otto-k-gruenbaum/ Austriansoldiers biography: Otto K. Gruenbaum], Austriansoldiers / Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on Consequences of War (in German; accessed 25 September 2026)
			* [[:File:Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_portrait_Wittig.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum in uniform (photo: Irene Wittig)]]

Admin: Sort Timeline bullets chronologically

2026-09-23T04:18:09Z

Sort Timeline bullets chronologically

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:18, 23 September 2026
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	* February 1942 — Married Susanne Hohenberg in New York.		* February 1942 — Married Susanne Hohenberg in New York.
	* October 1942 — Drafted into the U.S. Army; medical-detachment duty at Goldsboro, North Carolina.		* October 1942 — Drafted into the U.S. Army; medical-detachment duty at Goldsboro, North Carolina.
			* 1943–1944 — Trained at Camp Ritchie (Class 20); later served with IPW Team 120 in Europe.
	* January 1943 — Transferred to England General Hospital, Atlantic City, New Jersey.		* January 1943 — Transferred to England General Hospital, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
	* 1943–1944 — Trained at Camp Ritchie (Class 20); later served with IPW Team 120 in Europe.
	* 18 November 1945 — Died.		* 18 November 1945 — Died.
	</div>		</div>

Admin: Link Camp Ritchie class and team mentions in lead/biography

2026-09-19T00:00:45Z

Link Camp Ritchie class and team mentions in lead/biography

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:00, 19 September 2026
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	Otto K. Gruenbaum (also spelled Greenbaum) was born on 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria, the second of two children. His father, a Jewish furrier and former Austrian Army non-commissioned officer, and his Catholic mother raised him in a musical household. Gruenbaum studied piano at the Vienna Conservatory of Music from age ten and later continued in Paris and in New York under Arthur Schnabel. After the Anschluss in March 1938 he left Austria under the pretext of a Brussels piano contest, reached Paris as a refugee, and sailed from Le Havre on 11 August 1939. In New York he gave Carnegie Hall and Town Hall recitals, toured as an accompanist, and married Susanne Hohenberg in February 1942.		Otto K. Gruenbaum (also spelled Greenbaum) was born on 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria, the second of two children. His father, a Jewish furrier and former Austrian Army non-commissioned officer, and his Catholic mother raised him in a musical household. Gruenbaum studied piano at the Vienna Conservatory of Music from age ten and later continued in Paris and in New York under Arthur Schnabel. After the Anschluss in March 1938 he left Austria under the pretext of a Brussels piano contest, reached Paris as a refugee, and sailed from Le Havre on 11 August 1939. In New York he gave Carnegie Hall and Town Hall recitals, toured as an accompanist, and married Susanne Hohenberg in February 1942.

	Drafted in October 1942, Gruenbaum served with a medical detachment at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and at England General Hospital in Atlantic City before Military Intelligence Training Center selection at Camp Ritchie (Class 20). Overseas he interrogated German prisoners and civilians and worked as an interpreter with IPW Team 120. He received the Purple Heart and died on 18 November 1945.		Drafted in October 1942, Gruenbaum served with a medical detachment at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and at England General Hospital in Atlantic City before Military Intelligence Training Center selection at Camp Ritchie ([[:Category:Class 20\|Class 20]]). Overseas he interrogated German prisoners and civilians and worked as an interpreter with [[Team IPW 120\|IPW Team 120]]. He received the Purple Heart and died on 18 November 1945.

	== Research notes ==		== Research notes ==

Admin: Remove research notes now confirmed on the profile

2026-09-18T22:49:39Z

Remove research notes now confirmed on the profile

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 18 September 2026
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	== Research notes ==		== Research notes ==
	* 3rd Army		* 3rd Army
	* died
	* Folder spelling is Greenbaum		* Folder spelling is Greenbaum
	* roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted		* roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted

Admin: Remove research notes now confirmed on the profile

2026-09-18T22:42:54Z

Remove research notes now confirmed on the profile

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:42, 18 September 2026
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	== Research notes ==		== Research notes ==
	* 3rd Army; died ~~11/18/1945~~		* 3rd Army
	* Folder spelling is Greenbaum; roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted; class rank and 1943 press place him as a corporal/T/5-era enlisted soldier. Purple Heart retained from the live awards block and research notes.		* died
			* Folder spelling is Greenbaum
			* roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted
			* class rank and 1943 press place him as a corporal/T/5-era enlisted soldier. Purple Heart retained from the live awards block and research notes

	== Gallery ==		== Gallery ==

Admin: RB Archive curated media

2026-09-16T23:25:30Z

RB Archive curated media

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 16 September 2026
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	== Gallery ==		== Gallery ==
	~~''After you are autoconfirmed, [[Special:Upload\|upload a photo]] and add~~ <~~code~~><~~nowiki~~>~~[[File:Example~~.jpg\|~~thumb~~\|~~caption]]~~</~~nowiki~~></~~code> here, or set <code~~>~~\|photo=Example.jpg</code> in the infobox.''~~		<div class="soldier-gallery">
			<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
			Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_piano.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum playing piano in wartime uniform (RB Archive)
			Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_interrogation_1945.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum interrogating a German prisoner who surrendered after a propaganda broadcast, 5 March 1945 (RB Archive)
			</gallery>
			</div>

	== Technical record ==		== Technical record ==
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
			* [[:File:Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_interrogation_1945.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum interrogating a German prisoner who surrendered after a propaganda broadcast, 5 March 1945 (RB Archive)]]
			* [[:File:Gruenbaum_Otto_K_32527211_piano.jpg\|Otto K. Gruenbaum playing piano in wartime uniform (RB Archive)]]
	* [https://www.amazon.com/Almost-Home-Gruenbaum-Pianist-Ritchie/dp/B0BF2ZR52Q Irene Wittig, ''Almost Home'' — Otto Gruenbaum biography (RB Archive notes)]		* [https://www.amazon.com/Almost-Home-Gruenbaum-Pianist-Ritchie/dp/B0BF2ZR52Q Irene Wittig, ''Almost Home'' — Otto Gruenbaum biography (RB Archive notes)]
	* RB Archive clipping, ''The Beam'' (England General Hospital, Atlantic City), 9 October 1943 — “Soldier Pianist Fled from Nazis’ Terror in Vienna”		* RB Archive clipping, ''The Beam'' (England General Hospital, Atlantic City), 9 October 1943 — “Soldier Pianist Fled from Nazis’ Terror in Vienna”

Admin: RB Archive enrichment: RB Archive packet chronological regen

2026-09-16T23:23:15Z

RB Archive enrichment: RB Archive packet chronological regen

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:23, 16 September 2026
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	\|awards_ribbons=Ribbon_Purple_Heart_ribbon.png		\|awards_ribbons=Ribbon_Purple_Heart_ribbon.png
	\|awards_ribbon_rows=Ribbon_Purple_Heart_ribbon.png		\|awards_ribbon_rows=Ribbon_Purple_Heart_ribbon.png
			\|birth_date=18 August 1918
			\|death_date=18 November 1945
	}}		}}

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	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	Otto ~~graduated from New York College of Music~~ (~~Piano~~). He studied at Vienna Conservatory of Music ~~(two years)~~. ~~Worked~~ as ~~pianist in solo~~ recitals and with ~~orchestras~~ at ~~Carnegie~~. ~~Interrogated~~ German ~~POWs~~ and civilians~~, served~~ as interpreter.		Otto K. Gruenbaum (also spelled Greenbaum) was born on 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria, the second of two children. His father, a Jewish furrier and former Austrian Army non-commissioned officer, and his Catholic mother raised him in a musical household. Gruenbaum studied piano at the Vienna Conservatory of Music from age ten and later continued in Paris and in New York under Arthur Schnabel. After the Anschluss in March 1938 he left Austria under the pretext of a Brussels piano contest, reached Paris as a refugee, and sailed from Le Havre on 11 August 1939. In New York he gave Carnegie Hall and Town Hall recitals, toured as an accompanist, and married Susanne Hohenberg in February 1942.

			Drafted in October 1942, Gruenbaum served with a medical detachment at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and at England General Hospital in Atlantic City before Military Intelligence Training Center selection at Camp Ritchie (Class 20). Overseas he interrogated German prisoners and civilians and worked as an interpreter with IPW Team 120. He received the Purple Heart and died on 18 November 1945.

	== Research notes ==		== Research notes ==
	* 3rd Army; died 11/18/1945		* 3rd Army; died 11/18/1945
			* Folder spelling is Greenbaum; roster and wartime press use Gruenbaum. Alias/Greenbaum retained in the opening sentence. Live rank_final Captain is not reasserted; class rank and 1943 press place him as a corporal/T/5-era enlisted soldier. Purple Heart retained from the live awards block and research notes.

	== Gallery ==		== Gallery ==
Line 110:		Line 115:
	<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">		<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">
	<div class="soldier-timeline-body">		<div class="soldier-timeline-body">
	* ~~Born~~ 18 August 1918 in Vienna, Austria.		* 18 August 1918 — Born in Vienna, Austria.
	* ~~July 1943~~ — ~~Promoted to T/5~~.		* March 1938 — Fled Vienna after the Anschluss; reached Paris via Brussels.
	* ~~4 September 1944~~ — ~~Promoted to T/3~~.		* 11 August 1939 — Sailed from Le Havre for the United States.
	* ~~Assigned to IPW Team 120 attached to 7th Army (3rd Army?), then~~.		* February 1942 — Married Susanne Hohenberg in New York.
	* ~~Basic training with Medical Detachment,~~ Goldsboro, NC.		* October 1942 — Drafted into the U.S. Army; medical-detachment duty at Goldsboro, North Carolina.
	* ~~Division…~~.		* January 1943 — Transferred to England General Hospital, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
	* ~~Purple Heart~~.		* 1943–1944 — Trained at Camp Ritchie (Class 20); later served with IPW Team 120 in Europe.
	* ~~___ Promoted to M/Sgt.~~		* 18 November 1945 — Died.
	* with CCA with the 14th Armored Division, XX Corps, 9th Infantry.
	</div>		</div>
	</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>		</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
			* [https://www.amazon.com/Almost-Home-Gruenbaum-Pianist-Ritchie/dp/B0BF2ZR52Q Irene Wittig, ''Almost Home'' — Otto Gruenbaum biography (RB Archive notes)]
			* RB Archive clipping, ''The Beam'' (England General Hospital, Atlantic City), 9 October 1943 — “Soldier Pianist Fled from Nazis’ Terror in Vienna”
	* Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data		* Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data
	* Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records		* Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records

Admin: Expand exact roster rank codes (rank_final: Capt -> Captain; class_rank: T/5 -> Technician Fifth Grade)

2026-09-16T05:59:24Z

Expand exact roster rank codes (rank_final: Capt -> Captain; class_rank: T/5 -> Technician Fifth Grade)

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:59, 16 September 2026
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	\|middle=K.		\|middle=K.
	\|class_section=5B		\|class_section=5B
	\|class_rank=~~T/5~~		\|class_rank=Technician Fifth Grade
	\|birth_year=1918		\|birth_year=1918
	\|death_year=1945		\|death_year=1945
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	\|class_display=20		\|class_display=20
	\|birth_place=Vienna, Austria		\|birth_place=Vienna, Austria
	\|rank_final=~~Capt~~		\|rank_final=Captain
	\|awards=Purple Heart		\|awards=Purple Heart
	\|awards_grid=Purple Heart		\|awards_grid=Purple Heart