Sakheim, George A. (32861841): Difference between revisions

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|photo=6041601682528369.jpg

|death_date=5 December 2019

|birth_place=Hamburg, Germany

|rank_final=First Lieutenant

|birth_date=12 June 1923

|death_place=Lansdale, Pennsylvania

|alias=Ruben Gabriel Sakheim

|division=104th Infantry Division

}}

'''[[Sakheim, George A. (32861841)|George A. Sakheim]]''' (1923 – 5 December 2019) was a Ritchie Boy (~~from Germany; Jewish~~) who ~~trained at Camp Ritchie~~ in ~~class 16~~ and ~~served with IPW Team 13~~.

'''[[Sakheim, George A. (32861841)|George A. Sakheim]]''' (12 June 1923 – 5 December 2019), born Ruben Gabriel Sakheim, was a Hamburg-born Ritchie Boy (Class 16) who interrogated in northwest Europe and interpreted at the Nuremberg trials.

</div>

== Biography ==

~~George~~ Sakheim was ~~a Ritchie Boy~~. ~~Sakheim~~, ~~96, decorated World War II veteran~~, ~~translator at~~ the ~~Nuremberg Trials~~, and ~~later a psychologist Dr. Sakheim had a seat~~ at ~~one of~~ the ~~most important war trials~~ in ~~history~~.

Ruben Gabriel Sakheim was born on 12 June 1923 in Hamburg, Germany. After his father’s death the family moved to Berlin, then fled to Palestine in 1933; he reached New York in 1938, took the name George A. Sakheim, and enrolled at Columbia before the Army drafted him in March 1943.

~~Sakheim~~, ~~96, of Gwynedd~~, a ~~translator~~ at the ~~Nuremberg Trials who came face to face with some of Nazi Germany’s most notorious war criminals, died Thursday, Dec. 5, of pneumonia~~ at ~~Abington Lansdale Hospital~~. ~~Sakheim~~ volunteered ~~and was immediately flown to~~ Nuremberg~~. Sakheim did much of his work from an adjoining room~~, ~~but when in the~~ courtroom, ~~he recorded his impressions in a journal~~.

Naturalized in November 1943, he trained at Camp Ritchie (Class 16) and served with IPW Team 13 / the 104th Infantry Division, landing in Normandy about a week after D-Day and interrogating prisoners as the division moved east. In April 1945 he was among U.S. troops at the Dora-Mittelbau camp at Nordhausen. After VE-Day he volunteered as a German–English interpreter at Nuremberg, working interrogations and courtroom translation for about seven months, including sessions involving Hermann Göring and Rudolf Höss.

~~Sakheim believed that the trials accomplished two goals. Sakheim immigrated to New York~~ at ~~age 15 to live with an aunt. Sakheim was sent for military intelligence training.~~

He later earned psychology degrees at Columbia and a Ph.D. at Florida State University, practiced as a clinical psychologist, and wrote on firesetting children. He died on 5 December 2019 near Gwynedd / Lansdale, Pennsylvania.

~~Sakheim’s wartime experience formed the basis for~~ a ~~lifetime of writing and giving testimony about the Holocaust, his family said~~. ~~Sakheim and nine other veterans the Legion of Honor medal, France’s highest honor, for their part in liberating France during World War II~~. ~~Sakheim earned a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, both in psychology,~~ at ~~Columbia~~ University.

~~Sakheim worked~~ as a psychologist ~~for many years in Maine~~ and ~~then New York~~. ~~Sakheim was active in the civil rights and anti-war movements. The following comes from his obituary.~~

He ~~passed away~~ December 5, ~~2019~~.

== Research notes ==

* ASTP Nuremberg

* http://www.~~jpost~~.~~com~~/~~Magazine~~/~~The-Nuremberg-Diary-434645~~

== Gallery ==

Sakheim_George_A_32861841_ShowImage.jpg|George A. Sakheim (RB Archive ShowImage)

</gallery>

</div>

== Technical record ==

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|}

== Timeline ==

* 12 June 1923 — Born Ruben Gabriel Sakheim in Hamburg.

* 1933 — Family fled Berlin for Palestine; to New York 1938 as George A. Sakheim.

* March 1943 — Drafted; Columbia interrupted.

* November 1943 — Naturalized U.S. citizen.

* 5 April 1944 — Graduated Camp Ritchie Class 16; IPW Team 13 / 104th Infantry Division.

* June 1944 onward — Normandy (D+7); northwest Europe interrogations; Dora-Mittelbau, April 1945.

* 1945–1946 — Interpreter / translator, Nuremberg trials (~seven months).

* Postwar — Columbia degrees; Ph.D., Florida State (1954); clinical psychology career.

* 5 December 2019 — Died, Lansdale / Gwynedd, Pennsylvania area.

</div>

</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>

== Sources ==

* Camp Ritchie ~~class roster~~ (~~classes~~ 1–31), ~~merged~~ research ~~file~~

* [[:File:Sakheim_George_A_32861841_ShowImage.jpg|George A. Sakheim portrait / photo]]

* [https://www.jewishexponent.com/ Jewish Exponent — 2015 Nuremberg anniversary interview (as cited in secondary coverage)]

* [https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/george-sakheim-translator-nuremberg-trials-world-war-psychologist-died-20191217.html Philadelphia Inquirer — George Sakheim obituary]

* [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/27/world/europe/george-sakheim-dead.html New York Times — George Sakheim, Interpreter at Nuremberg Trials, Dies at 96 (27 December 2019)]

* [http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/The-Nuremberg-Diary-434645 Jerusalem Post — The Nuremberg Diary]

* Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data

* Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records

* NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)

* 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)

* Ritchie Boys of WWII Facebook page, post dated 2023-01-12 (1 post)

* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of George A. Sakheim for Camp Ritchie'' (private research document; 2 source documents reviewed)

* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Sakheim, George A. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 2 source files: GEORGE A. SAKHEIM (2021).doc, GEORGE A. SAKHEIM.doc)

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |photo=6041601682528369.jpg
 |death_date=5 December 2019
+|birth_place=Hamburg, Germany
+|rank_final=First Lieutenant
+|birth_date=12 June 1923
+|death_place=Lansdale, Pennsylvania
+|alias=Ruben Gabriel Sakheim
+|division=104th Infantry Division
 }}
 <div class="soldier-lead">
-'''[[Sakheim, George A. (32861841)|George A. Sakheim]]''' (1923 – 5 December 2019) was a Ritchie Boy (from Germany; Jewish) who trained at Camp Ritchie in class 16 and served with IPW Team 13.
+'''[[Sakheim, George A. (32861841)|George A. Sakheim]]''' (12 June 1923 – 5 December 2019), born Ruben Gabriel Sakheim, was a Hamburg-born Ritchie Boy (Class 16) who interrogated in northwest Europe and interpreted at the Nuremberg trials.
 </div>
 == Biography ==
-George Sakheim was a Ritchie Boy. Sakheim, 96, decorated World War II veteran, translator at the Nuremberg Trials, and later a psychologist Dr. Sakheim had a seat at one of the most important war trials in history.
+Ruben Gabriel Sakheim was born on 12 June 1923 in Hamburg, Germany. After his father’s death the family moved to Berlin, then fled to Palestine in 1933; he reached New York in 1938, took the name George A. Sakheim, and enrolled at Columbia before the Army drafted him in March 1943.
-Sakheim, 96, of Gwynedd, a translator at the Nuremberg Trials who came face to face with some of Nazi Germany’s most notorious war criminals, died Thursday, Dec. 5, of pneumonia at Abington Lansdale Hospital. Sakheim volunteered and was immediately flown to Nuremberg. Sakheim did much of his work from an adjoining room, but when in the courtroom, he recorded his impressions in a journal.
+Naturalized in November 1943, he trained at Camp Ritchie (Class 16) and served with IPW Team 13 / the 104th Infantry Division, landing in Normandy about a week after D-Day and interrogating prisoners as the division moved east. In April 1945 he was among U.S. troops at the Dora-Mittelbau camp at Nordhausen. After VE-Day he volunteered as a German–English interpreter at Nuremberg, working interrogations and courtroom translation for about seven months, including sessions involving Hermann Göring and Rudolf Höss.
-Sakheim believed that the trials accomplished two goals. Sakheim immigrated to New York at age 15 to live with an aunt. Sakheim was sent for military intelligence training.
+He later earned psychology degrees at Columbia and a Ph.D. at Florida State University, practiced as a clinical psychologist, and wrote on firesetting children. He died on 5 December 2019 near Gwynedd / Lansdale, Pennsylvania.
-Sakheim’s wartime experience formed the basis for a lifetime of writing and giving testimony about the Holocaust, his family said. Sakheim and nine other veterans the Legion of Honor medal, France’s highest honor, for their part in liberating France during World War II. Sakheim earned a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, both in psychology, at Columbia University.
-Sakheim worked as a psychologist for many years in Maine and then New York. Sakheim was active in the civil rights and anti-war movements. The following comes from his obituary.
-He passed away December 5, 2019.
 == Research notes ==
 * ASTP Nuremberg
-* http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/The-Nuremberg-Diary-434645
+== Gallery ==
+<div class="soldier-gallery">
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
+Sakheim_George_A_32861841_ShowImage.jpg|George A. Sakheim (RB Archive ShowImage)
+</gallery>
+</div>
 == Technical record ==
@@ Line 109: / Line 115: @@
 | row_source || both
 |}
+== Timeline ==
+<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">
+<div class="soldier-timeline-body">
+* 12 June 1923 — Born Ruben Gabriel Sakheim in Hamburg.
+* 1933 — Family fled Berlin for Palestine; to New York 1938 as George A. Sakheim.
+* March 1943 — Drafted; Columbia interrupted.
+* November 1943 — Naturalized U.S. citizen.
+* 5 April 1944 — Graduated Camp Ritchie Class 16; IPW Team 13 / 104th Infantry Division.
+* June 1944 onward — Normandy (D+7); northwest Europe interrogations; Dora-Mittelbau, April 1945.
+* 1945–1946 — Interpreter / translator, Nuremberg trials (~seven months).
+* Postwar — Columbia degrees; Ph.D., Florida State (1954); clinical psychology career.
+* 5 December 2019 — Died, Lansdale / Gwynedd, Pennsylvania area.
+</div>
+</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>
 == Sources ==
-* Camp Ritchie class roster (classes 1–31), merged research file
+* [[:File:Sakheim_George_A_32861841_ShowImage.jpg|George A. Sakheim portrait / photo]]
+* [https://www.jewishexponent.com/ Jewish Exponent — 2015 Nuremberg anniversary interview (as cited in secondary coverage)]
+* [https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/george-sakheim-translator-nuremberg-trials-world-war-psychologist-died-20191217.html Philadelphia Inquirer — George Sakheim obituary]
+* [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/27/world/europe/george-sakheim-dead.html New York Times — George Sakheim, Interpreter at Nuremberg Trials, Dies at 96 (27 December 2019)]
+* [http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/The-Nuremberg-Diary-434645 Jerusalem Post — The Nuremberg Diary]
+* Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data
+* Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records
 * NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)
 * 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)
 * Ritchie Boys of WWII Facebook page, post dated 2023-01-12 (1 post)
+* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of George A. Sakheim for Camp Ritchie'' (private research document; 2 source documents reviewed)
+* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Sakheim, George A. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 2 source files: GEORGE A. SAKHEIM (2021).doc, GEORGE A. SAKHEIM.doc)