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Kluge, John Werner (01577435): Difference between revisions

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|surname=Kluge
|surname=Kluge
|first=John
|first=John
|middle=W.
|middle=Werner
|class_number=7
|class_number=7
|class_section=8
|class_section=8
|class_rank=2nd Lt
|class_rank=2nd Lt
|class_branch=TC
|birth_year=1914
|birth_year=1914
|death_year=2010
|death_year=2010
|nativity=Germany
|nativity=Germany
|religion=P
|religion=Protestant
|certificate=1784
|photo=Wikipedia_John_Kluge.jpg
|photo=Wikipedia_John_Kluge.jpg
|confidence=high
|confidence=high
|class_display=7
|class_display=7
|overseas=N
|overseas=Y
|birth_date=21 September 1914
|birth_date=21 September 1914
|death_date=7 September 2010
|death_date=7 September 2010
|birth_place=Chemnitz, German Empire (today Chemnitz, Germany)
|birth_place=Chemnitz, Germany
|death_place=Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
|death_place=Charlottesville, Virginia
|education=Wayne State University; Columbia University (BA)
|rank_final=Colonel
|occupation=Chairman, Metromedia
|alias=John Werner Kluge
|known_for=Chairman, Metromedia
}}
}}


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John Werner Kluge (September 21, 1914September 7, 2010) was a German-American entrepreneur who became a television industry mogul in the United States. He was the founder and chairman of Metromedia. At one time he was the richest person in the U.S.
'''John Werner Kluge''' (21 September 1914&ndash;7 September 2010) was a Chemnitz-born U.S. Army officer and Ritchie Boy who trained at [[Camp Ritchie]] with [[:Category:Class 7|Class 7]]. He later commanded the Military Intelligence Research Section (MIRS) at [[P.O. Box 1142]]. After the war he built Metromedia.
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== Biography ==
== Biography ==
John Werner Kluge was born on 21 September 1914 in Chemnitz, Germany. He came to the United States at eight through Ellis Island, grew up in Detroit learning English from scratch, and attended Wayne State University for two years, and graduated from Columbia University in 1937 with a degree in economics. He became a U.S. Citizen the same year. German birth and fluent German later made him useful to Army intelligence.


He volunteered before Pearl Harbor, expecting a year in uniform. After the United States entered the war he stayed for about four and a half years. On 7 December 1941 he was with an air-defense unit in the Los Angeles area. He went through Officer Candidate School and came out a second lieutenant—though a first sergeant once called him, jokingly, the laziest man on the post.


Kluge was born in 1914 to a Presbyterian family in Chemnitz, Germany, and emigrated to the United States in 1922.
A false accusation that he was a German spy helped push him toward a harsh posting: eight months in the Aleutians as assistant transportation officer at Dutch Harbor, coordinating troop-ship arrivals and logistics. The War Department investigated and cleared him. He remembered the islands mainly as cold, and he tangled with superiors, including a deputy commander who threatened to bust him to “private, no class.”


degree in economics from Columbia University in 1937. Kluge went to Wayne State University for two years and earned his B.A. The author, Simona Tobia of the University College, London, describes the interrogation techniques that were taught in the UK and at Camp Ritchie, and how effective it was to use emigres from Germany and other AXIS occupied countries to gather human intelligence (HUMINT) by interrogating captured soldiers close to the fronts.
Back from Alaska he trained at [[Camp Ritchie]] with [[:Category:Class 7|Class 7]]—German order of battle and weapons (including the 88 and tanks), document work, field maneuvers (he once sat on a nest of copperheads), and intelligence analysis. David Rockefeller was among his classmates. Roster notes also tie him to Class 5 order-of-battle / MIRS work. After Ritchie he spent a short stretch at the Pentagon, where he met figures such as contractor John McShain, who had built the building.


In 1983, Kluge received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Patricia Kluge kept their Albemarle estate in the 1990 divorce settlement converting it into an award-winning vineyard and winery which opened in 1999. John Werner Kluge (September 21, 1914September 7, 2010) was a German-American entrepreneur who became a television industry mogul in the United States.
Kluge was then sent to [[P.O. Box 1142]] at Fort Hunt. He kept quiet about the place for decades and said he never talked about it until researchers reached him after declassification. There he commanded the Military Intelligence Research Section—about twenty men, many of them young German-Jewish refugees who gained citizenship through service, among them [[Fairbrook, Paul (32709209)|Paul Fairbrook]]. MIRS sorted tens of thousands of captured German documents for the Army’s “Red Book” order-of-battle reference and for planning before major operations, including D-Day.


He had homes in New Rochelle, New York, Virginia and Palm Beach, Florida with his fourth wife, Maria Tussi Kluge, at the time of his death in 2010. She took out $65 million in loans and mortgaged the mansion to finance production expansion and a related real-estate venture, but defaulted and declared bankruptcy in 2011. I found this research study published in 2015 in Rubrica Contemporanea, Vol.
Though the section’s main job was documents, Kluge also dealt with high-ranking German prisoners—softening them up over bridge or drives around Washington, or using pressure such as a staged “Russian officer” to suggest Siberia. He said results improved the following week. The post used hidden microphones in trees, planted misinformation, and even foreign press (Rommel’s daughter’s wedding coverage, for example) to unsettle generals into thinking American spies were everywhere. He recalled odd finds in the document haul: a drunk German sergeant talking Panzer movements in a brothel, a colonel’s bizarre romantic diary, stolen Reichstag telephone directories used to bluff prisoners about intercepted calls. British liaison included Major Eric Burley; Kluge later noted the shadow cast by Guy Burgess once the Soviet spy case became known.


He was the founder and chairman of Metromedia. At one time he was the richest person in the U.S. He was of Scots-Irish, English, and German heritage.
He helped stand up MIRS from almost nothing—even lifting light fixtures and desks from the Pentagon to furnish the place—and reported to Colonel Lovell at the Pentagon rather than to the on-site post commander, whom he dismissed as a “housekeeper.” He lived in Washington and drove out to 1142 each day.
 
During World War II, Kluge served at the secret P.O. Box 1142 interrogation facility outside of Washington, D.C. Kluge was a collector of contemporary Indigenous Australian art, and owned works by prominent artists including Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri.
 
Kluge was married four times. His first wife was Theodora Thomson Townsend, his second was Yolanda Galardo Zucco, his third was Patricia Maureen Rose, and his fourth was Maria Tussi Kuttner. Kluge had three children, Joseph (whom he adopted), Samantha (with Zucco) and John Jr.
 
He also had three step children who remained a part of his life until his death: Diane, Jeannette Brophy and Peter Lockwood Townsend. 8, a Journal of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Close Encounters: The Role of Culture in Interrogation and Questioning in the Second World War.
 
The article provides some insights into the work of a couple of Ritchie Boys, John Kluge and Gerd Miller (?).


After the war Kluge became chairman and largest stockholder of the Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation, successor to the DuMont network's stations, in 1958; renamed Metromedia in 1961, it made him a major figure in American broadcasting and outdoor advertising. In 1986 he sold the Metromedia television stations to 20th Century Fox for a reported $4 billion, forming the core of the new Fox network, and in 1987 ''Forbes'' ranked him the richest man in America. He gave $60 million to create the John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress, with its Kluge Prize, and more than $500 million to Columbia University, much of it for financial aid for undergraduates. He married four times and had homes that included Virginia; he died in Charlottesville on 7 September 2010, at 95.


== Research notes ==
== Research notes ==
* Also Class 5 OB MIRS
* Also Class 5 OB / MIRS (roster).
* Metromedia owner; billionaire philanthropist
* Commanded MIRS at [[P.O. Box 1142]] (NPS oral history).
* Portrait and summary from Notable Ritchie Boys slides ([https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ij8PP9weF976Lb5_Ic4bFimcuAZzXRn3cHfNCk5nTdM source]).
* Metromedia founder; philanthropist.
 
== Gallery ==
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== Technical record ==
== Technical record ==
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== Timeline ==
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* 21 September 1914 — Born in Chemnitz, Germany.
* 1922 — Immigrated via Ellis Island; grew up in Detroit.
* 1937 — Graduated Columbia University (economics); became a U.S. citizen.
* 7 December 1941 — Serving with air defense near Los Angeles.
* c. 1942 — Officer Candidate School; commissioned second lieutenant.
* c. 1942–1943 — Eight months in the Aleutians (assistant transportation officer, Dutch Harbor); cleared after a false German-spy accusation.
* 1958 — Became chairman of Metropolitan Broadcasting (renamed Metromedia in 1961).
* 1986 — Sold the Metromedia television stations to 20th Century Fox.
* 7 September 2010 — Died in Charlottesville, Virginia.
* Pre–Pearl Harbor — Volunteered for the U.S. Army.
* Class 7 — Camp Ritchie intelligence training (also noted Class 5 OB / MIRS).
* Brief Pentagon assignment.
* P.O. Box 1142 — Commanded MIRS (~20 men); Red Book document exploitation; high-value prisoner interviews; British liaison.
* Postwar — Founder and chairman of Metromedia.
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== Sources ==
== Sources ==
* [[:File:FOHU_POBox1142_Kluge_John.pdf|NPS Fort Hunt Oral History — John W. Kluge interview transcript]] (MIRS commander at P.O. Box 1142; formerly published on the NPS Fort Hunt oral-history exhibit)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kluge Wikipedia: John Kluge]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kluge Wikipedia: John Kluge]
* Camp Ritchie class roster (classes 1–31), merged research file
* Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data
* Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records
* NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)
* NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)
* 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)
* 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)
* Ritchie Boys of WWII Facebook page, post dated 2017-09-03 (1 post)
* Ritchie Boys of WWII Facebook page, post dated 2017-09-03 (1 post)
* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of John W. Kluge for Camp Ritchie'' (private research document; 2 source documents reviewed)
* Dan Gross, ''Timeline of Kluge, John W. for Camp Ritchie'' (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 2 source files: JOHN W. KLUGE - 18.doc, JOHN W. KLUGE.doc)
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