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Lloyd Chudley Alexander (January 30, 1924 – May 17, 2007) was an American author of more than 40 books, primarily fantasy novels for children and young adults. Over his seven-decade career, Alexander wrote 48 books, and his work has been translated into 20 languages. His most famous work is The Chronicles of Prydain, a series of five high fantasy novels whose conclusion, The High King, was awarded the 1969 Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature.
'''Lloyd Chudley Alexander''' (30 January 1924 &ndash; 17 May 2007) was an American author and Ritchie Boy who trained at [[Camp Ritchie]] with [[:Category:Class 18|Class 18]], served as a translator and interpreter in France, and became one of the best-known writers of fantasy for young readers, winning the 1969 Newbery Medal for ''The High King'', the last of the Chronicles of Prydain.
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== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Lloyd Chudley Alexander (January 30, 1924 – May 17, 2007) was an American author of more than 40 books, primarily fantasy novels for children and young adults. Over his seven-decade career, Alexander wrote 48 books, and his work has been translated into 20 languages. His most famous work is The Chronicles of Prydain, a series of five high fantasy novels whose conclusion, The High King, was awarded the 1969 Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature.
Lloyd Chudley Alexander was born in Philadelphia on 30 January 1924 to Alan Audley Alexander, a stockbroker, and Edna (née Chudley), and grew up with his elder sister, Florence, in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, just west of the city. His parents read little beyond newspapers and bought secondhand books mainly to fill their shelves, but he taught himself to read at about four and skipped the first two grades at a private Quaker school. After his father was ruined in the Wall Street Crash of 1929 he went to public school, where he skipped another grade and entered seventh grade at nine; he read Shakespeare, Dickens, Mark Twain, and mythology, especially the legends of King Arthur, and wrote poetry. He left West Chester State Teachers College after one term, finding it unchallenging, and worked for six months in the mailroom of the Atlantic Refining Company before deciding that adventure would be a better school for a writer.


Alexander grew up in Pennsylvania during the Great Depression. He developed a passion for reading books and writing poetry. He attended college for only one term, believing that there was nothing more college could teach him. He enlisted in the United States Army and rose to be a staff sergeant in intelligence and counter-intelligence. He met his wife while he was stationed in France and studied French literature at the University of Paris. After returning to the United States with his new family, he struggled to make a living from writing until he published And Let the Credit Go (1955), his first autobiographical novel. His interest in Welsh mythology led to the publication of The Chronicles of Prydain.
Alexander entered the Army as a private at Philadelphia on 2 February 1943 (ASN 33581483). Judged too clumsy for artillery and too prone to faint at the sight of blood to serve as a medic, he briefly played cymbals in an Army band in Texas and then served as a chaplain's assistant before the Army sent him to Lafayette College to study French language, politics, customs, and geography. He then trained at Camp Ritchie, graduating as a private first class with [[:Category:Class 18|Class 18]] (section 7A, certificate 6816), and was associated with MII Team 496-G; among his fellow trainees were veterans, scholars, refugees, and Cherokee soldiers. Serving in combat intelligence and counterintelligence, he rose to staff sergeant. After a brief stay in Wales, whose castles and landscapes later shaped his fiction, and in England, he spent six months translating radio messages with the Seventh Army in eastern France and then worked as a translator and interpreter in the Paris office of the Counter Intelligence Corps until the end of 1945.


Alexander was nominated twice for the international Hans Christian Andersen Award, and received the 1971 National Book Award for Children's Books for The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian and the 1982 National Book Award for Westmark. Alexander received three lifetime achievement awards before his death in 2007. The Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University contains a permanent Lloyd Alexander exhibit that showcases several items from his home office including his desk, typewriter, and manuscripts and editions of his books.
After the war Alexander studied French literature at the University of Paris. He admired the poetry of Paul Éluard, who, after seeing Alexander's translations, named him his sole English translator, and he also sought advice from Gertrude Stein, who warned him how hard a writer's life could be. In Paris he met Janine Denni, who had a young daughter, Madeleine; they married on 8 January 1946 and settled in Philadelphia, first in the attic of his parents' house, where he spent twelve-hour days translating Éluard and writing. For about fifteen years he wrote mainly fiction, nonfiction, and translations for adults while working as a potter's apprentice for his sister, an advertising copywriter (from late 1948; his earnings and translation royalties let him buy a house in Kellytown, but he lost the job after three months), a copyeditor, and a cartoonist; his wife worked in a textile mill while publishers rejected his novels for seven years. His short story "The Fantastic Symphony" (1949), inspired by Berlioz, appeared in the ''New Directions'' annual. His breakthrough came with the autobiographical novel ''And Let the Credit Go'' (1955), about his years as a teenage bank messenger, followed by ''My Five Tigers'' (1956), about his cats, ''Janine Is French'' (1959), ''My Love Affair with Music'' (1960), ''Park Avenue Vet'' (1960) with the cat veterinarian Louis Camuti, and ''Fifty Years in the Doghouse'' (1964, reissued as ''Send for Ryan''), a history of an ASPCA special agent commissioned by the society. For the Jewish Publication Society he wrote children's biographies of August Bondi, which won the 1959 National Jewish Book Award, and Aaron Lopez.


Alexander was born in Philadelphia on January 30, 1924, to Edna (née Chudley) and Alan Audley Alexander, and grew up in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, a section of Upper Darby, just west of the city. He had an elder sister, Florence. His parents only read newspapers, but they did buy books "at the Salvation Army to fill up empty shelves". He taught himself to read around age four and skipped grades one and two at a private Quaker school. He and his friends played war, using equipment from World War I in their games. After his father Alan, a stockbroker, bankrupted in the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Alexander attended public school, where he skipped yet another grade, entering seventh grade at age nine. Alexander read Shakespeare, Dickens, Mark Twain and myths, especially King Arthur.
''Time Cat'' (1963), his first fantasy, about a cat that visits its other lives in different eras, was, he later said, the most creative and liberating experience of his life. Nearing forty, he turned to children's fantasy for good, and his Welsh-inspired Chronicles of Prydain culminated in ''The High King'', which won the 1969 Newbery Medal. He won the National Book Award for Children's Books in 1971 for ''The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian'' and in 1982 for ''Westmark''. ''The Wizard in the Tree'' (1975), written during a period of depression, was followed by the better-received ''The Town Cats'' (1977) and ''The First Two Lives of Lukas-Kasha'' (1978), set in a fantasy version of fifteenth-century Persia, which won the Silver Slate Pencil Award in the Netherlands and the Austrian Book Award. His later series were Westmark (1981–1984), about a printer's apprentice caught up in revolution in an imaginary European kingdom around 1800, and Vesper Holly (1987–1990 and 2005), about a brilliant young Philadelphia heiress adventuring in the 1870s. His picture book ''The Fortune-Tellers'' (1992), illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman, drew some criticism for placing a European-rooted tale in an African setting. In all he wrote 48 books, translated into 20 languages; he was twice nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Award and received three lifetime achievement awards.


He attended West Chester State Teachers College, which he left after only one term because he did not find the curriculum rigorous enough. After dropping out of college, Alexander worked for six months in the mailroom of the Atlantic Refining Company. Alexander decided that adventure was a better school for a writer than college and enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was too clumsy with artillery to be sent to the front, and the sight of blood made him faint, making him unfit to work as a medic. With no prior musical experience, he briefly played the cymbals in a marching band in Texas. Shortly after, he was transferred to serve as a chaplain's assistant. He had the opportunity to study the French language, politics, customs, and geography at Lafayette College through the army. He was later moved to Camp Ritchie, Maryland, to receive specialized intelligence training in the United States Army Combat Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence Corps. At Camp Ritchie, Alexander rose to the rank of Staff Sergeant. There he met war veterans, scholars, refugees, and members of the Cherokee tribe. He rose to be a staff sergeant in the corps.
Alexander helped create the children's magazine ''Cricket'' and served on its editorial board, joined the library committee of World Book Encyclopedia in 1974, and served on the board of the Friends of the International Board on Books for Young People from 1982. He kept a strict routine, rising at 4 a.m. and writing until late afternoon whether or not he felt inspired, and he corresponded with readers, some of whom visited him at home. He died of cancer at Drexel Hill on 17 May 2007, a few weeks after the death of Janine, his wife of sixty-one years; his last novel, ''The Golden Dream of Carlo Chuchio'', appeared that August. Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library maintains a permanent exhibit of his desk, typewriter, manuscripts, and editions.
 
Alexander was stationed in Wales and England briefly and then was assigned to the 7th Army in eastern France where he translated radio messages for six months. His next assignment was the Paris office of the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) where he worked as a translator and an interpreter until the end of 1945. After the war, Alexander attended the University of Paris where he studied French literature and was fascinated by the poetry of Paul Éluard. Alexander called Éluard on the phone and showed him his English translations of Éluard's work. Éluard immediately named Alexander his sole English translator. Alexander also contacted Gertrude Stein, who advised him that becoming a writer was a difficult and discouraging process. In Paris, he met Janine Denni, who had a young daughter named Madeleine. Alexander and Denni were married on January 8, 1946, and soon moved to Philadelphia. The three moved into the attic of his parents' home where Alexander spent twelve hours a day translating Éluard's works and writing his own.
 
For about fifteen years in Philadelphia, Alexander wrote primarily fiction, non-fiction, and translations for adults. Desperate for a job, he worked as a potter's apprentice for his sister. At the end of 1948, he started writing advertising copy, and he began to receive more royalties for his translations, leading him to purchase a house for his family in Kellytown. However, he lost his job after three months, requiring his wife to take up employment in a textile mill to make ends meet. Alexander continued to write diligently, though no publishers bought his novels for seven years.
 
One of his short stories, "The Fantastic Symphony" (1949), published in the New Directions Annual, was a surrealistic piece inspired by Berlioz's notes on the Symphonie fantastique. Alexander's breakthrough came with his novel And Let the Credit Go (1955), his first autobiographical work, in which he focused on his experience as a bank messenger in his adolescence. He wrote his second novel, My Five Tigers (1956), about his cats, continuing the trend of writing about subjects familiar to him. He found work as a copyeditor and a cartoonist where he finished his last four adult publications. He wrote two semi-autobiographical novels: Janine is French (1959) and My Love Affair with Music (1960). Alexander co-authored Park Avenue Vet (1960) with Louis Camuti, who specialized in treating cats. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals subsequently commissioned their history, which Alexander wrote as Fifty Years in the Doghouse (1964). During that time he wrote two non-fiction books for children, biographies for August Bondi and Aaron Lopez commissioned by the Jewish Publication Society, the former of which won the National Jewish Book Award in 1959. Alexander's subsequent novel was his first of the fantasy genre: Time Cat (1963). He later called it "the most creative and liberating experience of my life". The novel imagines a cat who can visit its other lives in different time periods, which Alexander researched extensively. Fifty Years in the Doghouse (1964; reprinted as Send for Ryan) told stories of how William Michael Ryan saved animals as part of his job as a special agent for the ASPCA.
 
Almost forty years old, he then specialized in children's fantasy, the genre of his best-known works. His wartime tenure in Wales introduced him to castles and scenery that would inspire settings for many of his books. He once described it as being educational for him and "rather like being a visiting uncle, who has a marvelous time with his nephews and nieces, then goes off leaving the parents to cope with attacks of whooping cough, mending socks and blackmailing the kids to straighten up the mess in their rooms." Alexander wrote The Wizard in the Tree while suffering from depression and published it in 1975. The character Arbican was based on Alexander and his personal struggles. In 1977 he published The Town Cats, which received a more favorable critical reception than The Wizard in the Tree. His next book, The First Two Lives of Lukas-Kasha, set in a fantasy world based on 15th century Persia, was published in 1978. It won the Silver Slate Pencil Award in Holland and the Austrian Book Award in Austria.
 
Alexander's other fiction series are Westmark (1981 to 1984) and Vesper Holly (1987 to 1990 and 2005). Westmark features a former printer's apprentice involved in the rebellion and civil war in a fictional European kingdom around 1800. Vesper Holly is a wealthy and brilliant Philadelphia orphan who has adventures in various fictional countries during the 1870s. There was some controversy about The Fortune-Tellers (1992), a picture book illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman. Some felt that the story was European in origin and therefore inappropriate for its African setting. Alexander's last novel, The Golden Dream of Carlo Chuchio, was published in August 2007.
 
Alexander helped create the children's literary magazine Cricket and served on its editorial board. He served on the library committee of World Book Encyclopedia in 1974 and in the board of directors in the Friends of the International Board on Books for Young People in 1982. Alexander maintained a rigorous working schedule, awakening at 4 a.m. And working until the late afternoon, afterwards enjoying his sole meal with his wife. He adhered to this routine even when he did not feel inspired, stating that he could not rely on inspiration alone. He corresponded with fans, who on occasion visited him in his home.
 
Alexander died on May 17, 2007, of cancer, a few weeks after the death of his wife of sixty-one years.
 
== Research notes ==
* DEML


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
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== Timeline ==
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed soldier-timeline">
<div class="soldier-timeline-body">
* 30 January 1924 — Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
* 1943–1944 — Graduated (as Pfc) with Class 18, section 7A. Certificate # 6816.
* 2 February 1943 — Entered the Army as Pvt at Philadelphia (ASN 33581483).
* 1945 — Translator and interpreter, Counter Intelligence Corps, Paris.
* 8 January 1946 — Married Janine Denni in Paris.
* 1955 — Published ''And Let the Credit Go''.
* 1969 — Newbery Medal for ''The High King''.
* 1971 — National Book Award for ''The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian''.
* 1982 — National Book Award for ''Westmark''.
* 17 May 2007 — Died in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania.
</div>
</div><div style="clear: both;"></div>


== Technical record ==
== Technical record ==
Line 157: Line 156:
| Census_OCC || 995
| Census_OCC || 995
|}
|}
== Research notes ==
* DEML


== Sources ==
== Sources ==

Latest revision as of 04:11, 25 September 2026

Lloyd Chudley Alexander
Lloyd Chudley Alexander
Personal details
Birth nameLloyd Chudley Alexander
Born30 January 1924
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died17 May 2007
Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania
NativityUnited States
ReligionProtestant
Known forNovelist
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch United States Army
ASN33581483
RankPrivate First Class
Camp RitchieClass 18 (13 April – 10 June 1944)
Section7A
EnlistedPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
TeamMII 496-G
Teammates
MII 496-G
Alexander, Lloyd Chudley (33581483)
Kemp, Robert G. (32885019)
Mark, Joseph P. (39137780)
Schott, Howard M. (32809746)
Spackman, Ellis L. (0923853)
Weyland, Eugene L. (0929732)
Yahia, Clement (01326038)
These are the other soldiers currently on each team roster. Men were attached, transferred, and sent on throughout the war, so appearing together here does not mean they served in the same place at the same time.
Research notes on this page are compiled from the source file and later edits. They may be unverified, incomplete, or incorrect, and should not be treated as established fact. Please correct the article or add sources on the talk page. For class-roster terms, see About the data.
Sources & confidence: Treat Research notes as leads, not settled fact. Prefer NARA, the class roster, newspapers, Find a Grave, or published histories for contested claims. Mark unsourced claims with {{Needs source}}, or explain disagreements on talk. Baseline import notes: About the data.


Lloyd Chudley Alexander (30 January 1924 – 17 May 2007) was an American author and Ritchie Boy who trained at Camp Ritchie with Class 18, served as a translator and interpreter in France, and became one of the best-known writers of fantasy for young readers, winning the 1969 Newbery Medal for The High King, the last of the Chronicles of Prydain.

Biography[edit | edit source]

Lloyd Chudley Alexander was born in Philadelphia on 30 January 1924 to Alan Audley Alexander, a stockbroker, and Edna (née Chudley), and grew up with his elder sister, Florence, in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, just west of the city. His parents read little beyond newspapers and bought secondhand books mainly to fill their shelves, but he taught himself to read at about four and skipped the first two grades at a private Quaker school. After his father was ruined in the Wall Street Crash of 1929 he went to public school, where he skipped another grade and entered seventh grade at nine; he read Shakespeare, Dickens, Mark Twain, and mythology, especially the legends of King Arthur, and wrote poetry. He left West Chester State Teachers College after one term, finding it unchallenging, and worked for six months in the mailroom of the Atlantic Refining Company before deciding that adventure would be a better school for a writer.

Alexander entered the Army as a private at Philadelphia on 2 February 1943 (ASN 33581483). Judged too clumsy for artillery and too prone to faint at the sight of blood to serve as a medic, he briefly played cymbals in an Army band in Texas and then served as a chaplain's assistant before the Army sent him to Lafayette College to study French language, politics, customs, and geography. He then trained at Camp Ritchie, graduating as a private first class with Class 18 (section 7A, certificate 6816), and was associated with MII Team 496-G; among his fellow trainees were veterans, scholars, refugees, and Cherokee soldiers. Serving in combat intelligence and counterintelligence, he rose to staff sergeant. After a brief stay in Wales, whose castles and landscapes later shaped his fiction, and in England, he spent six months translating radio messages with the Seventh Army in eastern France and then worked as a translator and interpreter in the Paris office of the Counter Intelligence Corps until the end of 1945.

After the war Alexander studied French literature at the University of Paris. He admired the poetry of Paul Éluard, who, after seeing Alexander's translations, named him his sole English translator, and he also sought advice from Gertrude Stein, who warned him how hard a writer's life could be. In Paris he met Janine Denni, who had a young daughter, Madeleine; they married on 8 January 1946 and settled in Philadelphia, first in the attic of his parents' house, where he spent twelve-hour days translating Éluard and writing. For about fifteen years he wrote mainly fiction, nonfiction, and translations for adults while working as a potter's apprentice for his sister, an advertising copywriter (from late 1948; his earnings and translation royalties let him buy a house in Kellytown, but he lost the job after three months), a copyeditor, and a cartoonist; his wife worked in a textile mill while publishers rejected his novels for seven years. His short story "The Fantastic Symphony" (1949), inspired by Berlioz, appeared in the New Directions annual. His breakthrough came with the autobiographical novel And Let the Credit Go (1955), about his years as a teenage bank messenger, followed by My Five Tigers (1956), about his cats, Janine Is French (1959), My Love Affair with Music (1960), Park Avenue Vet (1960) with the cat veterinarian Louis Camuti, and Fifty Years in the Doghouse (1964, reissued as Send for Ryan), a history of an ASPCA special agent commissioned by the society. For the Jewish Publication Society he wrote children's biographies of August Bondi, which won the 1959 National Jewish Book Award, and Aaron Lopez.

Time Cat (1963), his first fantasy, about a cat that visits its other lives in different eras, was, he later said, the most creative and liberating experience of his life. Nearing forty, he turned to children's fantasy for good, and his Welsh-inspired Chronicles of Prydain culminated in The High King, which won the 1969 Newbery Medal. He won the National Book Award for Children's Books in 1971 for The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian and in 1982 for Westmark. The Wizard in the Tree (1975), written during a period of depression, was followed by the better-received The Town Cats (1977) and The First Two Lives of Lukas-Kasha (1978), set in a fantasy version of fifteenth-century Persia, which won the Silver Slate Pencil Award in the Netherlands and the Austrian Book Award. His later series were Westmark (1981–1984), about a printer's apprentice caught up in revolution in an imaginary European kingdom around 1800, and Vesper Holly (1987–1990 and 2005), about a brilliant young Philadelphia heiress adventuring in the 1870s. His picture book The Fortune-Tellers (1992), illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman, drew some criticism for placing a European-rooted tale in an African setting. In all he wrote 48 books, translated into 20 languages; he was twice nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Award and received three lifetime achievement awards.

Alexander helped create the children's magazine Cricket and served on its editorial board, joined the library committee of World Book Encyclopedia in 1974, and served on the board of the Friends of the International Board on Books for Young People from 1982. He kept a strict routine, rising at 4 a.m. and writing until late afternoon whether or not he felt inspired, and he corresponded with readers, some of whom visited him at home. He died of cancer at Drexel Hill on 17 May 2007, a few weeks after the death of Janine, his wife of sixty-one years; his last novel, The Golden Dream of Carlo Chuchio, appeared that August. Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library maintains a permanent exhibit of his desk, typewriter, manuscripts, and editions.

Gallery[edit | edit source]

After you are autoconfirmed, upload a photo and add [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|caption]] here, or set |photo=Example.jpg in the infobox.

Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • 30 January 1924 — Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • 1943–1944 — Graduated (as Pfc) with Class 18, section 7A. Certificate # 6816.
  • 2 February 1943 — Entered the Army as Pvt at Philadelphia (ASN 33581483).
  • 1945 — Translator and interpreter, Counter Intelligence Corps, Paris.
  • 8 January 1946 — Married Janine Denni in Paris.
  • 1955 — Published And Let the Credit Go.
  • 1969 — Newbery Medal for The High King.
  • 1971 — National Book Award for The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian.
  • 1982 — National Book Award for Westmark.
  • 17 May 2007 — Died in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania.

Technical record[edit | edit source]

Field Imported value
Approx Age at Death 83
Nara ASN 33581483
Nara Name ALEXANDER LLOYD C
Nara State 2
Nara County 45
Nara POE 3295
Nara DOE 20243
Nara Grade Alpha PVT
Nara Grade Code 8
Nara Branch Alpha BI
Nara Branch Code 0
Branch Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA
Nara Term or Enlistment 5
Term of enlistment Enlistment for the duration of the War or other emergency, plus six months, subject to the discretion of the President or otherwise according to law
Defer. Date 0
Nara Source 0
Nara Nativity 32
Nativity.1 PENNSYLVANIA
Nara Year of Birth 24
Nara Race 1
Nara Race Description White citizen
Nara Education 5
Nara Civilian Occupation 123
Nara Marital Status 6
Nara Height (inches) 68
Nara Weight (lbs) 117
Class_ASN 33581483
Class_Name ALEXANDER, Lloyd C.
match_method asn_exact_name_exact
row_source both
Census_HISTID 544A2B08-0B09-4D76-A1DC-5CBC9F577290
Census_State PENNSYLVANIA
Census_Relate Child
Census_Sex Male
Census_Age 16
Census_BirthYear 1924
Census_Marital Never married/single
Census_Race White
Census_BPL PENNSYLVANIA
Census_MBPL 0
Census_FBPL 0
Census_Educ Grade 11
Census_OCC 995

Research notes[edit | edit source]

  • DEML

Sources[edit | edit source]

  • Wikipedia: Lloyd Alexander
  • Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data
  • Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records
  • NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)
  • 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)
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