Normalize biography punctuation after source review
Clean biography character-conversion artifacts
Line 37: Line 37:


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
William Nagel was a Ritchie Boy. Formerly Wilhelm Nagelberg, he was born the only child of Fritz (1883-1960) and Helene Nagelberg (n-e Licht, 1891-1959) in Vienna, Austria, on 10 December 1914. His father operated his own business, and the family lived in Leopoldstadt, Vienna's second municipal district. After secondary school, William studied global trade at university and pursued a PhD in economics. In July 1938 he submitted his dissertation, ''-ber Ver-nderungen in der Baumwollwirtschaft Gro-britanniens vom Weltkrieg bis zur Gegenwart'', and became one of the few Jewish students in Austria to receive a doctoral degree after the Anschluss.
William Nagel was a Ritchie Boy. Formerly Wilhelm Nagelberg, he was born the only child of Fritz (1883-1960) and Helene Nagelberg (n?e Licht, 1891-1959) in Vienna, Austria, on 10 December 1914. His father operated his own business, and the family lived in Leopoldstadt, Vienna's second municipal district. After secondary school, William studied global trade at university and pursued a PhD in economics. In July 1938 he submitted a dissertation on changes in the British cotton economy from the First World War to the present. He became one of the few Jewish students in Austria to receive a doctoral degree after the Anschluss.


The Nagelberg family later fled Austria for Italy. In March 1940 William left Italy for the United States aboard the SS ''Vulcania''; his parents remained in Europe. After arriving, he enlisted in the U.S. Army. Several months later he met Gertrude Juris, a Jewish refugee from Vienna, and they married in New York on 18 January 1942. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen the following year and trained at Camp Ritchie as an Army intelligence officer.
The Nagelberg family later fled Austria for Italy. In March 1940 William left Italy for the United States aboard the SS ''Vulcania''; his parents remained in Europe. After arriving, he enlisted in the U.S. Army. Several months later he met Gertrude Juris, a Jewish refugee from Vienna, and they married in New York on 18 January 1942. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen the following year and trained at Camp Ritchie as an Army intelligence officer.