Frank E. Manuel

Record status: unconfirmed. Class-roster match confidence is medium. Correct the infobox if you have a source, and note it on talk.

Frank E. Manuel
Personal details
Born	1910
Died	2003
Nativity	United States
Religion	Jewish
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch	United States Army
ASN	0927249
Rank	Private
Camp Ritchie	Class 19 (16 May – 13 July 1944)
Section	7B
Teams	IPW 406, IPW 166

Teammates

Team — IPW 406

Team — IPW 166

These are other soldiers listed on the same team roster. People moved between teams; overlapping service dates are not always documented.

Research notes on this page are compiled from the source file and later edits. They may be unverified, incomplete, or incorrect, and should not be treated as established fact. Please correct the article or add sources on the talk page. For class-roster terms, see About the data.

Sources & confidence: Treat Research notes as leads, not settled fact. Prefer NARA, the class roster, newspapers, Find a Grave, or published histories for contested claims. Mark unsourced claims with {{Needs source}}, or explain disagreements on talk. Baseline import notes: About the data.

Frank E. Manuel (1910–2003) was a United States Army Private who trained at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, in Class 19.

Biography

American intelligence officer Frank Manuel started seeing the symbol near the end of World War II, etched across white walls in the Franconia region of Germany: a straight vertical line intersected by a horizontal line with a hook on the end. “Most members of the Counter Intelligence Corps were of the opinion that it was merely a hastily drawn swastika,” Manuel wrote in a memoir. But Manuel knew otherwise. To him, the mark referred to the Werewolves, German guerrilla fighters prepared “to strike down the isolated soldier in his jeep, the MP on patrol, the fool who goes a-courting after dark, the Yankee braggart who takes a back road.”

Research notes

• Also PG Class 1 IPW Ger
• XXI Corps 406; 166
• Also 33749074 Pvt; Also Class 1 IPW Ger

Gallery

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Technical record

Field	Imported value
Approx Age at Death	93
Class_ASN	33749074
Class_Name	MANUEL, Frank E.
match_method	pass2_unique_name
row_source	both

Timeline

• Assigned to XXI Corps.

Sources

• The Nazi Werewolves Who Terrorized Allied Soldiers at the End of WWII (smithsonianmag.com)
• Camp Ritchie Museum, Inc. (The Ritchie History Museum), Classes 1–31 roster data
• Dan Gross research spreadsheets, including original Excel timeline/roster work, combined with other research and records
• NARA World War II Army enlistment records (where a NARA ASN is present)
• 1940 U.S. Census (where a census match is present)
• Dan Gross, Timeline of Frank E. Manuel for Camp Ritchie (private research document; 1 source documents reviewed)
• Dan Gross, Timeline of Manuel, Frank E. for Camp Ritchie (private research files; selected non-private narrative findings; 1 source files: FRANK E. MANUEL.doc)